Where should the pharmacy researcher look first? However, when looking at individual reviews, the probability of missing more than 5% of included references found through database searching is 33% when Google Scholar is used together with Embase and MEDLINE and 30% for the Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE combination. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. Moreover, in combinations where the number of results was greatly reduced, the recall of included references was lower. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. 3 for the legend of the plots in Figs. Almost all reviews (97%) reported a search in MEDLINE. Subject-specific databases like PsycINFO only added unique references to a small percentage of systematic reviews when they had been used for the search. Beginning in May 2013, the number of records retrieved from each search for each database was recorded at the moment of searching. Our earlier research had resulted in 206 systematic reviews published between 2014 and July 2016, in which the first author was affiliated with Erasmus MC [21]. Based on the record numbers of the search results in EndNote, we determined from which database these references came. Before Nursing & Allied Health SourceTM provides users with reliable healthcare information covering nursing, allied health, alternative and complementary medicine. Article Investigators and information specialists searching for relevant references for a systematic review (SR) are generally advised to search multiple databases and to use additional methods to be able to adequately identify all literature related to the topic of interest [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. Of these, 84 references (4.6%) had not been retrieved by our database searches and were not included in our analysis, leaving in total 1746 references. Until 2016, the most complete MEDLINE selection in Ovid still lacked the electronic publications that were already available in PubMed. Click in the check box below Research Article to select this option. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. The database combinations with the highest recall did not reduce the total number of results by large margins. From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley Syst Rev 6, 245 (2017). For all but one domain, the traditional combination of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane CENTRAL did not retrieve enough included references. CINAHL indexing terms and policies reflect a more general approach and the index term "diagnosis," when exploded (ie, when all subdivisions of the indexed term are retrieved), covers most aspects of nursing assessment, screening (people with no symptoms or indications of disease), and diagnosis (people with symptoms or conditions suggestive of We assessed the frequency at which databases and combinations would achieve varying levels of recall (i.e., 95%). All searches in this study were developed and executed by W.M.B. Using that combination, 93% of the systematic reviews in our study obtained levels of recall that could be considered acceptable (>95%). Ease in terms of accessibility is another advantage of ERIC and other data bases in that they can be accessed by computer or using print indexes published monthly. This search is then optimized. Syst Rev. J Clin Epidemiol. If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in our analysis. Since these studies have a long-term component, they promote abetter quality of evidence than a shorter study. In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. Health Inf Libr J. We are aware that the Cochrane Handbook [7] recommends more than only these databases, but further recommendations focus on regional and specialized databases. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. Privacy Biomedical databases are usually the initial source of information regarding the use, performance and dis-advantages of a diagnostic test. For example, in the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you find the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you see. Nursing: Indexes & Databases. When searching for a systematic review, recall is the most important aspect, as the researcher does not want to miss any relevant references. Rice DB, Kloda LA, Levis B, Qi B, Kingsland E, Thombs BD. According to our data, PubMeds as supplied by publisher subset retrieved 12 unique included references, and it was the most important addition in terms of relevant references to the four major databases. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y. Part of Cookies policy. The four databases that had retrieved the most unique references (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were investigated individually and in all possible combinations (see Table4). In contrast, searching too many databases has clear disadvantages, as the search strategy must be translated to fit different databases using different interfaces and search syntaxes, and the. Asterisk indicates that the recall of all databases has been calculated over all included references. The third key database we identified in this research, Web of Science, is only mentioned as a citation index in the Cochrane Handbook, not as a bibliographic database. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Google Scholar. Using both Web of Science and Google Scholar in addition to MEDLINE and Embase increased the overall recall to 98.3%. author reply e140. 2015;68:107684. Library users and staff use WorldCat Discovery to search the WorldCat database of electronic, digital and physical resources; to identify materials they need and to find out where they are available. In addition to journal articles, CINAHL includes books, book chapters, dissertations, and computer programs. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R 10 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Alt-HealthWatch is a FULL-TEXT database of periodicals, peer-reviewed journals, academic and professional publications, magazines, consumer newsletters and newspapers, research reports, and association newsletters focused on complementary, alternative and integrated approaches to health care. del rio rams . It covers more than 50 nursing specialties and includes quick lessons, evidence-based care sheets, CEU modules and research instruments. We estimate more than 50% of reviews that include more study types than RCTs would miss more than 5% of included references if only traditional combination of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTAL is searched. For nine of these reviews, all the studies that had been included in the final synthesis were available in the CINAHL database, so it could have been possible to identify all the included studies using just this one database, while for an additional 21 reviews (49 %), 80 % or more of the included studies were available in CINAHL. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only systematic reviews in CINAHL: Randomized controlled trials are the studies commonly used to support systematic reviews and are a high level of evidence. Librarian co-authors correlated with higher quality reported search strategies in general internal medicine systematic reviews. Our experience in this study shows that additional efforts, such as hand searching, reference checking, and contacting key players, should be made to retrieve extra possible includes. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. Are MEDLINE searches sufficient for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools? Therefore, for this research, a total of 58 systematic reviews were analyzed. This database provides nearly 550 scholarly full text journals focusing on many medical disciplines. References to the systematic reviews published by Erasmus MC authors that were included in the research. In the case of a clinical question, precision is most important, as a practicing clinician does not have a lot of time to read through many articles in a clinical setting. Of course, the loss of a minor non-randomized included study that follows the systematic reviews conclusions would not be as problematic as losing a major included randomized controlled trial with contradictory results. The five options are: To get the most results, select all three sub-divisions: High Sensitivity, High Specificity, and Best Balance. Prior research on database importance for systematic reviews has looked primarily at whether included references could have theoretically been found in a certain database, but most have been unable to ascertain whether the researchers actually found the articles in those databases [10, 12, 16, 17, 26]. Objective: To review the literature on the benefits and disadvantages of clinical and medical audit, and to assess the main facilitators and barriers to conducting the audit process. A case study using a systematic review of frozen shoulder management. It is likely caused by difference in thesaurus terms that were added, but further analysis would be required to determine reasons for not finding the MEDLINE records in Embase. 1990;23:58393. This is the world's largest full text psychology database offering full text coverage for nearly 400 journals. For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. PubMed was used to identify systematic reviews published using our search strategy results. 2014;21:34354. Even when taking into account that many searchers consider the use of Scopus as a replacement of Embase, plus taking into account the large overlap of Scopus and Web of Science, this estimate remains similar. The databases avail-able include the Cochrane Collaboration, Medline (in various forms such as PubMed), Best Evidence10and Embase.The most widely used and most often recom-mended database isMedline. government site. Jz9+]J,y92Nt,t\9/FK:> ).{Qf3PSrPaU>`Pn8e==rIvyFAA-qYB6B )lYUIJa)se2*O:+6XLe[S =d^J>]b=\qf'9E%L`DS_.A\yX To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? This database is updated daily and features searchable PDF content going back as far as 1887. MEDLINE is a great resource for medical . PubMed There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. In general, searches are developed in MEDLINE in Ovid (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE, from 1946); Embase.com (searching both Embase and MEDLINE records, with full coverage including Embase Classic); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Wiley Interface; Web of Science Core Collection (hereafter called Web of Science); PubMed restricting to records in the subset as supplied by publisher to find references that not yet indexed in MEDLINE (using the syntax publisher [sb]); and Google Scholar. When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. "N` ;:"Z,Ov;s90yz` x:Na|8{4Bl9fxbRZk96L.00t4+a6.dx8Uc*$Ea=KhIn+4Byp0>*Wu$(3}sd6[J6\Lx%U MEDLINEprovides authoritative medical information on medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences, and much more. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. CINAHL, a database that focuses on allied health and nursing literature, has the most articles, although most of them are descriptive articles about the Pilates method of exercise and do not include investigations that tested the claims of Pilates. However, for one review of this domain, the recall was 82%. Abbreviations: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar. Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE Databases for the Nurse Researcher, Assistant Librarian, Medical Center Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, Associate Director for Public Services, Scott Memorial Library, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, /doi/epdf/10.1300/J115V12N03_04?needAccess=true. Quick Answer: What are Boolean operators? :p#("-!r>5"@5Ip^P|~1zsqE- @QK Embase retrieved the most unique included references, followed by MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Note: With this limiter you will need to evaluate your results to determine what type of evidence each article contains. For this study, we searched to achieve as high a recall as possible, though our search strategies, like any other search strategy, still missed some relevant references because relevant terms had not been used in the search. For each review that we investigated, we determined what the recall was for all possible different database combinations of the most important databases. 2016;16:113. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. -$P*C! Other databases that we identified as essential for good recall were searched much less frequently; Embase was searched in 61% and Web of Science in 35%, and Google Scholar was only used in 10% of all reviews. Complement Ther Med. In both these reviews, the topic was highly related to the topic of the database. Lastly, we checked whether the reviews described limiting their included references to a particular study design. Fifty one of the 81 titles . The other study from the Journal of Advanced Nursing is indexed in MEDLINE and Embase but was only retrieved because of the addition of KeyWords Plus in Web of Science. Of the five reviews that included only RCTs, four reached 100% recall if MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar combined were complemented with Cochrane CENTRAL. BMC Med Res Methodol. A nursing qualitative systematic review required MEDLINE and CINAHL for study identification. It therefore finds articles in which the topic of research is not mentioned in title, abstract, or thesaurus terms, but where the concepts are only discussed in the full text. A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and . Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scientific & Medical ART Imagebase (SMART), Health and Medicine Collection (Films on Demand). Lawrence DW. Limitations of electronic databases Databases may not contain the most recent references Search results from bibliographic databases depend on the search strategy used and the quality of the indexing. ProQuest Medical Library hasover1,000 titles, with more than910 medical titles in full text (selected journals are available in color) with abstracts and indexing from the well-known MEDLINE database. Reviews included in the research. See Fig. One hundred and fifty-nine journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with the basic version of CINAHL. In our analyses, we combined the results from MEDLINE in Ovid and PubMed (the subset as supplied by publisher) into one database labeled MEDLINE. %PDF-1.5 Finding resources: MEDLINE. However, the combination with Google Scholar had a higher precision and higher median recall, a higher minimum recall, and a higher proportion of reviews that retrieved all included references. Optimal searches in systematic reviews should search at least Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as a minimum requirement to guarantee adequate and efficient coverage. Beyer FR, Wright K. Can we prioritise which databases to search? Searching additional databases except PubMed are necessary for a systematic review. In this case, the number of hits from Google Scholar was limited to 100. Because this is a novel finding, we cannot conclude whether it is due to our dataset or to a generalizable principle. A total of 58 published systematic reviews were included, totaling 1746 relevant references identified by our database searches, while 84 included references had been retrieved by other search methods. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In Excel, we calculated the performance of each individual database and various combinations. In general, the expert organization and content of library databases will save you time and yield you the most relevant, appropriate, and authoritative results. Wichor M. Bramer. Systematic reviews of epidemiology in diabetes: finding the evidence. 2004;12:22832. Preston L, Carroll C, Gardois P, Paisley S, Kaltenthaler E. Syst Rev. Nearly 5,000 journals are read and their individual articles indexed and added to the MEDLINE database, which contains information about over 12 million journal articles. We documented the department of the first author. Note: You can use OR to link together your synonyms, or related words, in a search box, allowing the database to search more broadly. disadvantages of cinahl database. Those databases that contributed the most unique included references were then considered candidate databases to determine the most optimal combination of databases in the further analyses. J Psychosom Res. 9v[-[TkBaly.Ja%"uu'Nd&nNSevS}VXcS63#qN MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. WB designed the searches used in this study and gathered the data. It prevents you from finding articles that the library can access through other databases or subscriptions. Performance of a search can be expressed in different ways. WB, JK, and OF designed the study. A systematic approach to searching: how to perform high quality literature searches more efficiently. Of the 11 references included in this review, one was found only in Google Scholar and one only in Web of Science. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom. Also, while the Scopus and Web of Science assumptions we made might be true for coverage, they are likely very different when looking at recall, as Scopus does not allow the use of the full features of a thesaurus. The combination of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar performed best, achieving an overall recall of 98.3 and 100% recall in 72% of systematic reviews. Conclusion 'VI/:NAf] N1b v4Fl8KTs cinQ Ws"30z@+RY{"+NTzXnnf.ote{X-C.!0rxY_K+LSA12"fDAKJtk/FQS. Comparing International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and MEDLINE. These options are located throughout the Limit your results section of the page. Subirana M, Sol I, Garcia JM, Gich I, Urrtia G. J Clin Epidemiol. Systematic review searchers should consider using these databases if they are available to them, and if their institution lacks availability, they should ask other institutes to cooperate on their systematic review searches. We are not implying that a combined search of the four recommended databases will never result in relevant references being missed, rather that failure to search any one of these four databases will likely lead to relevant references being missed. Additionally, search strategies are limited to a maximum of 256 characters, which means that creating a thorough search strategy can be laborious. 2019 Aug;21(4):853-878. doi: 10.1007/s10903-018-0816-4. To learn more about Boolean operators, please see this Quick Answer: Here is an example of how to put together a complex search in CINAHL: Note: If you have not already logged in to the Library databases, you will be prompted to log in with your myWalden Portal user name and password. BMC Med Res Methodol. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. PubMed This number however is not an answer to the question of a researcher performing a systematic review, regarding which databases should be searched. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. However, searching databases is laborious and time-consuming, as syntax of search strategies are database specific. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. J Clin Epidemiol. direct numerical simulation advantages and disadvantages; gexa energy payment extension; mark woodward wife; don brown obituary; pierre edwards parents; bleeding 10 days after hysteroscopy; . However, whether an article is present in a database may not translate to being found by a search in that database. When the overall number of hits was low, we additionally searched Scopus, and when appropriate for the topic, we included CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), and SportDiscus (EBSCOhost) in our search. Providing searchable cited references for nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit. This research goes beyond retrospectively assessed coverage to investigate real search performance in databases. This limiter box allows you to select specific article types. MedicLatinais a unique collection of medical research and investigatory journals from renowned Latin American and Spanish publishers. Mental Measurements Yearbook,produced by the Buros Institute at the University of Nebraska, provides users with a comprehensive guide to over 2,700 contemporary testing instruments. Table3 displays the number of unique results retrieved for each single database. McKibbon KA, Haynes RB, Dilks CJW, Ramsden MF, Ryan NC, Baker L, Flemming T, Fitzgerald D. How good are clinical MEDLINE searches? Article All authors have approved the final manuscript. J Med Libr Assoc. <> Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help ; ; statement and }UCby^4(-\SHU1B CPn(ULF{fUUog].[>~si|F] mykK+NGz MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. The topics of the reviews studied here may simply have fallen into those categories, though the diversity of the included reviews may point to a more universal applicability. Based on our calculations made by looking at random systematic reviews in PubMed, we estimate that 60% of these reviews are likely to have missed more than 5% of relevant references only because of the combinations of databases that were used. When the number of references from other databases was low, we expected the total number of potential relevant references to be low. What is considered acceptable recall for systematic review searches is open for debate and can differ between individuals and groups. pros and cons of cinahl database Categories. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. Because of this major limitation, the question of which databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered. The higher recall from adding extra databases came at a cost in number needed to read (NNR). Of all reviews in which we searched CINAHL and PsycINFO, respectively, for 6 and 9% of the reviews, unique references were found. T4: ieJ{rL;(N2:vIW(r]/[XupYo%$7^Qfo+hwy b "\*jn7N gx+]Bm+s[j9VPg/vw|u>$/a}:i)&b2#4+'{3O$=n#laK5qn9` 0*^0*I6DlBy LearningExpress Library features nearly 1,000 online tutorials, practice tests, and eBooks to help patrons of all ages. We did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the conclusion of the reviews. Fifty-one of these journals are UK publications. The skills and experience of the searcher are one of the most important aspects in the effectiveness of systematic review search strategies [23,24,25]. We determined the databases that contributed most to the reviews by the number of unique references retrieved by each database used in the reviews.

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